English Foundation / Before You Start Writing
LESSON 1 OF 261 · 15 MIN READ

English Writing: The Big Picture

What You Really Need to Know Before You Start Writing

You do not need to know all of English before you start writing.

You already know more English words than you may realize. The important skill is learning how to use those words correctly.
You do not have to be 100% perfect before you write. Mistakes are part of practice: find them, correct them, and use what you learn.

  1. WRITE
  2. CHECK
  3. CORRECT
  4. LEARN
  5. WRITE AGAIN

Start with words you already know

English contains hundreds of thousands of dictionary words and continues to change. You do not need to know every word.
A relatively small vocabulary of common, useful words can help you build thousands of everyday sentences. As your vocabulary grows, your writing becomes richer and more precise.
Vocabulary varies with age, education, exposure to English, reading, speaking, environment and first language. You probably know many useful English words already. Our goal is to help you use them to make sentences.

Does every English word have A, E, I, O or U?

Not necessarily. A, E, I, O and U are vowel letters. Sometimes Y represents a vowel sound: my, gym, happy.
Ordinary syllables generally have a vowel sound; some pronunciations use a syllabic consonant instead. A written word does not necessarily contain one of the five vowel letters.
A/an depends on the sound that follows: a book, an apple, a university (a “yoo” sound), an hour (silent h). Not every noun needs an article: water, breakfast.

Same idea — different time

WORDS: I · go · school
The basic idea is similar. The situation/time changes, so the grammar changes.

I · go · school — see all times

ROUTINE: I go to school every day.

NOW: I am going to school now.

YESTERDAY: I went to school yesterday.

TOMORROW: I will go to school tomorrow.

SAME BASIC IDEA + DIFFERENT SITUATION/TIME = DIFFERENT GRAMMAR
You don't need four completely different vocabularies. You need to understand how English changes the sentence.

14 Keys to English Writing

Don't try to memorize all 14 keys today. You will learn each one step by step during the course. This page is your map. The lessons will teach you how to use each part.

1Know Useful Words — Especially Verbs

Words give us ideas; verbs express actions and states.

go · eat · drink · work · study · read · write · sleep

go → I go. → I go to school. → I go to school every day.

wake up · get up · sit down · stand up · turn on · turn off · look for · find out · pick up

2Know When to Use A, AN and THE

A/an depends mainly on sound; the can identify a particular thing, and some nouns need no article.

a book · a car · an apple · an orange

the door · the book on the table

an hour · a university

water · breakfast

3Use Capital Letters Correctly

Capitalize sentence beginnings, people and place names, other proper nouns, days, months, and the pronoun I.

evan → Evan · delhi → Delhi · india → India

monday → Monday · january → January

i am a student. → I am a student.

4One Word Can Do Different Jobs

Identify a word’s job by how it is used in the sentence.

I drink water. — drink: verb / I want a drink. — drink: noun

I work every day. — work: verb / My work is difficult. — work: noun

Please clean the room. — clean: verb / The room is clean. — clean: adjective

5Watch He, She, It and Singular Subjects

In positive Simple Present sentences, he/she/it and other third-person singular subjects normally use V5.

I / You / We / They → V1: I play. They play.

He / She / It / singular name or noun → V5: He plays. She plays. Evan plays. The boy plays.

play → plays · go → goes · wash → washes · study → studies · have → has

DOES comes → V5 goes → use V1. ✓ Does he play? / ✗ Does he plays?

6Choose the Right Preposition

Learn common combinations progressively; there is no single formula for every preposition.

at 6:00 · on Monday · in September

in India · at home · on the table

interested in · good at · listen to · depend on

7Connect Ideas Clearly

Choose a connector that shows the relationship between ideas, and avoid unnecessary repetition.

and · but · or · so · because

I was tired. I continued working. → I was tired, but I continued working.

I continued working because the work was important.

Later: although · however · therefore · while · after · before · if · when

8Know How Verbs Change in the Past

Some past forms follow spelling patterns; others need to be learned as irregular forms.

work → worked · play → played · study → studied · stop → stopped

go → went · eat → ate · buy → bought · write → wrote · see → saw

Today: I go to school. / Yesterday: I went to school.

DID comes → V2 goes → use V1. ✓ Did you go? / ✗ Did you went?

9First Understand the Situation — Then Choose the Tense

First understand WHEN and WHAT is happening. Then choose the tense. These are useful starting points, not rules for every context.

Routine → I work every day.

Happening now → I am working now.

  1. I do it regularly. → Simple Present
  2. It is happening now. → Present Continuous
  3. It has happened and matters now. → Present Perfect
  4. It started earlier and is still continuing. → Present Perfect Continuous
  5. It happened in the finished past. → Simple Past
  6. It was happening at a past time. → Past Continuous
  7. It happened before another past event. → Past Perfect
  8. It had been continuing before a past point/event. → Past Perfect Continuous
  9. It will happen. → Simple Future
  10. It will be happening at a future time. → Future Continuous
  11. It will be completed by a future time. → Future Perfect
  12. It will have continued for a period by a future point. → Future Perfect Continuous
10Build a Basic Sentence

Use a subject + verb + object or complement where needed; every sentence does not need an object.

Riya reads books. — Riya: subject; reads: verb; books: object

Evan is happy. — Evan: subject; is: verb; happy: complement

Riya reads. → Riya reads books. → Riya reads books at home. → Riya reads books at home every evening.

11Helping Verbs Control Many Sentences

Helping verbs make questions, negatives and tenses much easier.

am/is/are · was/were · do/does/did · have/has/had · will · can/could · should · must

She is reading. / Does he work?

Did they go? / I have finished.

We will come. / You should rest.

12English Word Order Matters

Knowing the words is not enough: place them in a natural grammatical order.

You live in Delhi. → ✓ Where do you live? / ✗ Where you do live?

✓ She is reading a book. / ✗ She reading is a book.

13Grow From Short Sentences to Better Sentences

A good writer uses both short and longer sentences; longer does not always mean better.

I was tired. I worked. → I was tired, but I worked.

I continued working because the work was important.

Although I was tired, I continued working because I had important work to finish.

14Write First — Then Check

Make a small attempt, find mistakes and correct them; careful practice is how you improve.

WRITE → CHECK → CORRECT → LEARN → WRITE AGAIN

Build one sentence

Start small. Add information step by step. Not every sentence needs every element.

eat → I eat breakfast at home at 8:00 AM.

Change the time

Try a regular verb and an irregular verb. Notice the main verb and the helping words.

play football — see all times

EVERY DAY: I play football every day.

NOW: I am playing football now.

YESTERDAY: I played football yesterday.

TOMORROW: I will play football tomorrow.

go to work — see all times

EVERY DAY: I go to work every day.

NOW: I am going to work now.

YESTERDAY: I went to work yesterday.

TOMORROW: I will go to work tomorrow.

Find the problem · optional mini practice

This is only a preview. You will learn these rules in detail. You can continue without completing any activity.

Try first. Hints become more specific after each attempt. Your attempts and corrections are saved with your existing writing progress.

Enlarged practice scene

Your course journey

Follow the lessons at your own pace.

  1. Words
  2. Sentence
  3. Verbs & V1–V5
  4. Tenses
  5. Questions & Error Correction
  6. Sentence Building
  7. Active / Passive
  8. Direct / Indirect
  9. Advanced Sentences
  10. Paragraphs
  11. Functional Writing
  12. Independent Writing

You can start small and write better

To write English, you do not need to know everything at once. You need useful words, a few important grammar patterns, and practice using them.

  1. KNOW WORDS
  2. CHOOSE THE SITUATION
  3. CHOOSE THE VERB FORM
  4. BUILD THE SENTENCE
  5. ADD INFORMATION
  6. CONNECT IDEAS
  7. CHECK
  8. CORRECT
  9. WRITE BETTER